The improvement of inflammatory markers and disease progression among moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study from two second referral hospitals in Surabaya, Indonesia

Background: To date, coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) has no definitive treatment. Thrombosis and hypercoagulation may occur in the advanced stage. Further study on how to use anticoagulants is still required promote best prognosis. Methods: A cross-sectional of 110 moderate, 140 severe, 81 critical patients receiving unfractioned heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight (LMWH), fondaparinux was conducted. Data were collected from March 15th August 31st 2020 at Universitas Airlangga Husada Utama Hospital. A comparative white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), c-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, all-cause mortality rate, length stay, days death among three severities COVID-19 done. Univariate multivariate analysis used determine correlation between inflammatory state after anti-coagulant with patients’ mortality. Results: Two deaths occurred moderate cases, 36 severe 70 cases ventilators. On day 13, groups showed decreased WBC, NLR, CRP, D-dimer (p < 0.05). (p<0.05) critically ill ventilated decreased. Day-13 evaluation revealed 32.73% decrease markers group; 32.86% patients; 16.05% ill, patients. significant 13 status seen a ventilator (r=0.337; p< 0.05 r=0.25; p Inflammatory profile 6 (adjusted odds [aOR] = 2.36; 0.05) ([aOR] 4.15; associated Conclusions: Anticoagulants lower inflammation markers. Evaluating essential predict mortality. based severity comorbidities, cases.